INTRODUCTION
[version espaņola]
We are studying an object, that people may think from recent
conception, but that it was conceived more than two centuries
ago.
l In their initial conception, a black hole was an object with a
gravity force in their surface so big that nothing could escape
from him; not even light if it were affected by gravity (this was
not known 200 years ago). Before measuring the speed of light and
before the theory of relativity, by means of which it was
demonstrated that nothing could surpass the speed of light,
people thought that a body could reach an infinite speed and
therefore the black hole was a body in which the scape speed was
also infinite. This could only happen in the case of a infinite
mass star or infinite density star. This were illogical cases and
the scientists didn't give any importance to the matter, falling
in the oblivion.
But with the theory of the special relativity the maximum speed
that a body could reach is the speed of light, and then one could
think that a black hole could already have a finite volume and
mass, since the speed of escape would be finite.
As we will see, the special relativity take us again to a
punctual black hole, because the scape speed from a relativistic
point of view could never overcome the speed of light.
Anyway it was discovered that the light is not simply a particle,
and thus we can't apply the idea of escape speed. But it's from
the point of view of the Einstein's general relativity theory
when the most interesting consequences for the bodies with
extreme mass are deduced, being again feasible the idea of a
non-punctual black hole. The so called event horizon appears,
region of the space around the hole whose space time bending
impedes that nothing escapes; not even the light.
Furthermore it's no longer thought to be absurd the fact that a
body collapses until it only takes only the volume of a point. In
order to clarify ideas we'll begin seeing how can be formed the
black holes, continuing after with a relativistic analysis of
black holes.
INTRODUCTION / HOW THE BLACK HOLES ARE FORMED / SPECIAL RELATIVITY AND BLACK HOLES / GENERAL RELATIVITY AND BLACK HOLES / BLACK HOLES DETECTION / The NON- PUNCTUAL BLACK HOLE / SPACE-TIME graphics on STAR COLLAPSE / HOLES In ETERNAL FORMACION, ETERNAL BLACK HOLES And OTHER MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS
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